Canvas Path2D Serialization Artifacts: How Internal Vector Representations Create Noise

[BadB]

A technical breakdown of how different browsers serialize Path2D—and why it's unique

Introduction: The Vector That Gives It All​

You've carefully tuned canvas noise in Dolphin Anti. You set it to 65%. You're confident, "Now my print is perfect".
But you're instantly blocked.
The reason? Canvas Path2D Serialization Artifacts — microscopic differences in how browsers internally represent vector paths, even with the same input data.

These artifacts:

• Dependent on the rendering engine (Skia, Gecko, WebKit),
• Create unique noise in getImageData(),
• Cannot be faked via JavaScript.

In this article, we'll take a deep technical look at how Path2D serialization works, why it throws browser errors, and how even a single pixel can expose your stack.

Part 1: What is Canvas Path2D?​

Technical definition​

Path2D is a Canvas API for creating complex vector paths:

const path = new Path2D();
path.moveTo(10, 10);
path.lineTo(50, 50);
path.arc(100, 100, 50, 0, Math.PI);

When a path is rendered to a Canvas, it is converted into a bitmap, and it is this process that depends on the browser engine.

Key fact:
The internal representation of the path is not standardized - each browser uses its own algorithm.

Part 2: How Browsers Serialize Path2D Differently​

Table of engines and their artifacts (2026)​

Browser	Engine	Algorithm	Artifacts
Chrome 125	Skiing	Subpixel AA + GPU rasterization	Smooth gradients, low noise
Firefox 126	Gecko	CPU rasterization + Freetype	Sharp edges, high noise
Safari 17	WebKit	Core Graphics + Quartz	Average noise, unique angles

Example of artifacts​

When rendering arc(100, 100, 50, 0, Math.PI):

Browser	RGBA noise at the edge of the arc
Chrome	[255, 240, 220, 255]
Firefox	[255, 230, 200, 255]
Safari	[255, 235, 210, 255]

Example of anomaly:
You claim Chrome 125, but the noise matches Firefox → the system sees: “This is fake” → fraud score = 95+

Part 3: Why Artifacts Can't Be Forged​

Three reasons​

1. The rendering engine runs at the OS level

• Even if you fake navigator.userAgent,
• The actual rendering is done by a real engine (Skia/Gecko).

2. Anti-detect browsers do not control GPU rendering

• Dolphin Anty can replace Canvas noise,
• But it cannot change the Path2D rasterization algorithm.

3. Artifacts depend on subpixel positioning

• Chrome uses subpixel antialiasing,
• Firefox — grayscale antialiasing,
• This creates unique noise in getImageData().

Truth:
Path2D artifacts are a fingerprint of the rendering engine, not the browser.

Part 4: How Fraud Engines Use Path2D Artifacts​

Analysis process (Forter, Sift)​

Step 1: Generate reference profiles

• The system collects a database of RGBA patternsfor Path2D:
  • Chrome: Smooth Gradients,
  • Firefox: Sharp Edges,
  • Safari: Medium Noise.

Step 2: Analyze your current profile

• If your profile:
  • RGBA = [255, 230, 200, 255],
• The system compares with the database → determines: “This is Firefox”.

Step 3: Correlation with other signals

• Path2D artifacts + WebGL renderer → trust,
• Path2D artifacts + deviceMemory = 4 → anomaly (Linux VPS).

Browser identification accuracy by Path2D artifacts: 93% (according to Forter, Q1 2026).

Part 5: How to Test Your Vulnerabilities​

Step 1: Use test sites​

• https://amiunique.org — shows Path2D entropy,
• https://browserleaks.com/canvas — detailed analysis.

Step 2: Run a local test​

function detectPath2DArtifacts() { 
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas'); 
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d'); 

const path = new Path2D(); 
path.arc(100, 100, 50, 0, Math.PI); 
ctx.fill(path); 

const data = ctx.getImageData(149, 100, 1, 1).data; 
const [r, g, b] = data; 

console.log(`R: ${r}, G: ${g}, B: ${b}`); 

// Noise Analysis 
if (Math.abs(r - b) > 25) { 
console.log('→ Firefox detected'); 
} else if (Math.abs(r - b) > 15) {
console.log('→ Safari detected');
} else {
console.log('→ Chrome detected');
}
}
detectPath2DArtifacts();

Rule:
If the noise does not match the declared browser → you have already been betrayed.

Part 6: How to Protect Against Path2D Artifacts​

OS and hardware level​

Windows 10 Pro (bare metal)

• Use official Chrome 125,
• Update your GPU drivers.

Linux (VPS - Avoid)

• Mesa OpenGL has limited support for Path2D,
• This gives away VPS → avoid.

Browser level​

Dolphin Anty

1. When creating a profile,
2. In the Canvas section,
3. Make sure the rendering engine matches the actual browser.

The hard truth:
There's no way to fake Path2D artifacts.
The only way is to use the right browser and hardware.

Part 7: Why Most Carders Fail​

Common Mistakes​

Error	Consequence
Using Linux VPS	Limited Path2D support → anomaly
Ignoring the rendering engine	They think that only the general noise is important → failure
Fake only canvas noise	Path2D artifacts reveal a real browser

Field data (2026):
78% of failures are due to inconsistent Path2D artifacts.

Part 8: Practical Guide - Secure Profile​

Step 1: Set up RDP​

• Install Windows 10 Pro on bare metal (Hetzner AX41),
• Use official Chrome 125.

Step 2: Check Path2D artifacts​

• Run the test above,
• Make sure that:
  • |R - B| < 15.

Step 3: Avoid Custom Browsers​

• Don't use modified Chromium builds.
• Use only official versions.

Result:
Your profile will match 70% of real Chrome users → low fraud score.

Conclusion: Vector is the new imprint​

Canvas Path2D Serialization Artifacts aren't just "another API". They're a physical fingerprint of your rendering engine that can't be faked.

Final thought:
True camouflage lies not in noise, but in its structure.
Because in the world of fraud, even a vector can give you away.

Stay technically accurate. Stay on top of your engines.
And remember: in the world of security, a pixel is a passport.